1. What is a Cervical Herniated Disc?

A cervical herniated disc occurs when one of the discs in the neck (cervical spine) ruptures or bulges, allowing its inner material to press on nearby nerves. This can cause neck pain, stiffness, and nerve-related symptoms such as tingling or weakness in the arms and hands.

2. Causes

Cervical disc herniation may result from:

• Age-related changes: Natural disc wear and tear over time

• Degeneration: Loss of disc hydration and elasticity, making them prone to rupture

• Injury: Sudden trauma such as a fall, accident, or sports injury

• Repetitive strain: Activities that put ongoing stress on the neck

• Genetics: Family history of disc problems may increase risk

3. Symptoms

The symptoms depend on the severity and location of the herniation:

• Neck pain that may radiate into the shoulder or arm

• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm, hand, or fingers

• Muscle spasms in the neck or shoulder

• Difficulty with fine motor tasks (e.g., buttoning a shirt) if spinal cord compression is significant

• In severe cases, balance or coordination issues

4. Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will assess symptoms and may order tests such as:

• Physical exam: Checking reflexes, strength, and range of motion

• Imaging: MRI or CT scan to visualize the herniated disc and nerve compression

• Nerve tests: Electromyography (EMG) if nerve damage is suspected

Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment and to prevent worsening nerve irritation.

5. Treatments

Non-Surgical Options:

• Rest and activity modification to reduce strain on the neck

• Physical therapy to improve posture, strengthen muscles, and reduce pain

• Anti-inflammatory medications or muscle relaxants

• Corticosteroid injections in some cases to relieve inflammation

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Options:
When conservative care does not relieve symptoms, minimally invasive spine surgery can provide effective relief. Procedures such as cervical foraminotomy may be an option for select patients and can remove the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve using very small incisions. These advanced techniques minimize muscle disruption, reduce postoperative pain, and allow quick recovery. Minimally invasive approaches are particularly valuable for patients seeking faster return to normal activities.

Other Surgical Options:

• Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Removal of the disc followed by stabilization with bone graft and hardware

• Artificial disc replacement: An option for select patients to preserve neck motion