A candidate for minimally invasive lumbar fusion is typically someone who has persistent back or leg pain caused by spinal instability or degeneration that has not improved with conservative treatments such as medications, physical therapy, or injections. It is often recommended for patients with conditions like spondylolisthesis (slipped vertebra), recurrent disc herniation, severe degenerative disc disease with spinal stenosis, or spinal deformities such as scoliosis.

Good candidates are generally patients who:

• Persistent back and leg pain that does not respond to non-surgical treatments

• Spondylolisthesis (slippage of the vertebrae)

• Recurrent disc herniation

• Scoliosis

• Severe degenerative disc disease with spinal stenosis

• Prefer a less invasive option to reduce recovery time and hospitalization

• Do not have extensive, multi-level deformities that may require a traditional open approach

The decision is individualized, based on imaging, symptoms, and overall health. Not all patients are suitable candidates for a minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Dr. B will review your condition and perform a thorough evaluation to determine whether an minimally invasive approach is appropriate for you.

A minimally invasive lumbar fusion can be carried out through different surgical approaches: from the front (anterior), from the back (posterior), or from the side (lateral). Dr. B selects the most suitable and least invasive method for each patient by considering factors such as the presence of bone spurs, the level of spinal instability, the patient’s overall health, and body structure. Choosing the best approach typically involves a detailed discussion of the advantages and disadvantages in the context of the patient’s specific condition. The potential surgical options include:

• Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) – performed from the back

• Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF, DLIF, OLIF) – performed from the side

• Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) with instrumentation – performed from the front

A Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS-TLIF) is a minimally invasive back surgery done through a small incision in the lower back. Instead of cutting through muscle, the surgeon uses a special tubular retractor to gently separate the muscles and create a pathway to the spine. Through this tube, the surgeon removes the worn-out disc, cleans the space, and places a spacer filled with bone graft to help the bones fuse together.

To keep the spine stable while the fusion heals, small screws and rods are placed through other tiny percutaneous incisions. Because the procedure uses small openings and avoids major muscle damage, most patients experience less pain, smaller scars, and a quicker recovery than with traditional open surgery.

A Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF, DLIF, OLIF) is a minimally invasive spine surgery performed through the side of the body. Instead of making a large incision in the back or abdomen, the surgeon uses a small cut on your side.

Through this small opening, the muscles are gently moved aside (not cut), and special monitoring equipment is used to protect the nearby nerves. The surgeon then removes the damaged disc and places a spacer (often filled with bone graft) into the empty space. This spacer helps restore proper height between the bones and encourages them to grow together, or “fuse,” over time.

In many cases, small screws and rods are also added to give the spine extra stability while it heals. These screws and rods are inserted through small percutaneous incisions.

Because this approach avoids cutting through large back muscles, patients often experience less pain, smaller scars, and a faster recovery compared to traditional back surgery.

In an Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF), the spine is reached from the front of the body. This approach lets Dr. B work on the spine without moving nerves or cutting through the back muscles. The incision is similar to a smaller version of a C-section. For this procedure, Dr. B collaborates with an experienced vascular surgeon who assists with the approach.

The main advantages of minimally invasive lumbar fusion compared to traditional open surgery:

• Smaller incisions – Less visible scarring.

• Less muscle damage – Muscles are gently moved aside instead of being cut.

• Reduced blood loss – Lower risk of needing a transfusion.

• Less pain after surgery – Many patients need fewer or no narcotic medications.

• Faster recovery – Shorter hospital stay and quicker return to normal activities.

• Lower risk of infection – Smaller incisions mean fewer complications.

Please refer to our Patient Education Booklet for detailed information.